RESUMO
Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ecossistema , Vertebrados , Anfíbios , Animais , Aves , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção/estatística & dados numéricos , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção/tendências , Extinção Biológica , Espécies Introduzidas , Mamíferos , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
A three-letter code to identify homologues of the coded amino acids is proposed. The first letter is taken from the one-letter code used for amino acids and identifies the side chain functional group that distinguishes the coded amino acid. To this is added two lower case letters identifying the number of carbon atoms in the homologue.
Assuntos
Abreviaturas como Assunto , Aminoácidos/química , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action.
